Darija lesson 100: C1 review

1

Twenty-four words

The last ones: travelling, telling, the court and the road behind you.

Travelling and stopping

الرّْحْلَة r-re7la the journey; the Rihla
سَافْرْ safer to travel
دَارْ الدُّنْيَا dar d-dunya to go round the world
رْجَعْ rje3 to come back
حْبَسْ 7bes to stop, to stay
مَا بْقَاشْ ma bqash no longer
The -sh goes on bqa.

Telling it

عَاوْدْ 3awed to tell, recount
حْكَايَة 7kaya story, tale
غْرِيبْ ghrib strange
عْجِيبْ 3jib amazing
شَافْ بْعِينِيهْ shaf b 3inih saw it with his own eyes
كْتَبْ kteb to write

Court and map

السُّلْطَانْ s-sultan the sultan
الْكَاتِبْ l-kateb the secretary, scribe
فَاسْ Fas Fes
طَنْجَة Tanja Tangier
الْبْلَادَاتْ l-bladat countries
بْالطُّولْ وْ بْالْعَرْضْ b t-tul u b l-3erd far and wide
Literally “in length and breadth”, as in the classical text.

Your road

تْعَلّْمْ t3ellem to learn
الْمُسْتَوَى l-mustawa level
وْصَلْ wsel to arrive
بْدَا bda to begin
كَمّْلْ kemmel to finish; to keep going
بْشْوِيَّة بْشْوِيَّة b shwiyya b shwiyya little by little

2

C1 in one homecoming

Four sentences from the Darija version. Each reviews something from C1.

ابْنْ بَطُّوطَة دَارْ الدُّنْيَا بْالطُّولْ وْ بْالْعَرْضْIbn Battuta dar d-dunya b t-tul u b l-3erd
وْ مْنْ بَعْدْ، هُوَ يْرْجَعْ لْفَاسْu men be3d, huwa yrje3 l Fas
مَا بْقَاشْ بْغَا يْسَافْرْma bqash bgha ysafer
السُّلْطَانْ ݣَالْ لِيهْ: عَاوْدْ لِينَا كُلّْشِيs-sultan gal lih: 3awed lina kullshi

In line 2, what tense is yrje3, if the story is past? In line 3, where does the -sh go?

What you're reviewing

Form IX (85): 7marr, “turned red”.

Complex sentence (86): mlli “when”, bli “that”.

Connectors (87): u ma3a dalik, “and even so”.

Optative (94): llah yr7mu.

Narrative present (96): u huwa ywsel, “and there he is, arriving”.

Negating with bqa: ma bqash + verb, “no longer”. The -sh sticks to bqa.

Dialects and spelling (98, 99).

One structure per row

Form	Say it	Means
حْمَارّْ وْجْهُو	7marr wejhu	his face turned red
مْلِّي رْجَعْ، عْرَفْ بْلِّي مَّاهْ مَاتَتْ	mlli rje3, 3ref bli mmah matet	when he came back, he learnt his mother had died
وْ مَعَ ذَلِكْ، بْقَا يْحْكِي	u ma3a dalik, bqa y7ki	and even so he kept telling
اللهْ يْرْحْمُو	llah yr7mu	God rest his soul
وْ هُوَ يْوْصَلْ لْفَاسْ	u huwa ywsel l Fas	and there he is, arriving in Fes
مَا بْقَاشْ يْسَافْرْ	ma bqash ysafer	he no longer travels
دَابَا · تَوَّا	daba · tawa	now: Morocco · Tunisia
لْمْغْرِيبْ · الْمَغْرِبْ	l-Maghrib (dos grafías)	Morocco: two spellings

Row 2: on his way home Ibn Battuta learnt that his mother had died of the plague.

What English gives you, and what it costs

Free: “hanging up your boots” is the same gesture as “throwing down the travelling staff”.

Free: the storytelling present: “so he walks into Fes…”.

Costly: “no longer” is a verb, bqa, and the negation goes on it, not on the next verb.

Your mistake, not someone else's

You put the -sh on the verb after bqa.

×مَا بْقَا يْسَافْرْشْNegation on the wrong verb.

✓مَا بْقَاشْ يْسَافْرْ“He no longer travels”.

Same: ma bqash kayakul, “he no longer eats”; ma bqitsh kanxaf, “I'm no longer afraid”.

3

Ibn Battuta comes back to Fes

From the preface by Ibn Juzayy, the secretary who wrote the Rihla down: 14th-century court rhymed prose. Next to it, the same story in Darija. Look for bi-ṭ-ṭūli wa-l-ʿarḍ: Darija keeps it as is.

وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ وَفَدَ عَلَى بَابِهَا السَّامِي […] الشَّيْخُ الْفَقِيهُ السَّائِحُ الثِّقَةُ الصَّدُوقُ، جَوَّالُ الْأَرْضِ، وَمُخْتَرِقُ الْأَقَالِيمِ بِالطُّولِ وَالْعَرْضِ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدٌ […] الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ بَطُّوطَةَ،

وَهُوَ الَّذِي طَافَ الْأَرْضَ مُعْتَبِرًا، وَطَوَى الْأَمْصَارَ مُخْتَبِرًا […]، ثُمَّ أَلْقَى عَصَا التَّسْيَارِ بِهَذِهِ الْحَضْرَةِ الْعُلْيَا […].

وَنَفَذَتِ الْإِشَارَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ بِأَنْ يُمْلِيَ مَا شَاهَدَهُ فِي رِحْلَتِهِ مِنَ الْأَمْصَارِ، وَمَا عَلِقَ بِحِفْظِهِ مِنْ نَوَادِرِ الْأَخْبَارِ.

Ibn Juzayy, preface to the Rihla

ابْنْ بَطُّوطَة دَارْ الدُّنْيَا بْالطُّولْ وْ بْالْعَرْضْ. شَافْ الْبْلَادَاتْ بْعِينِيهْ، وْ عْرَفْ النَّاسْ وْ الْمْلُوكْ.

وْ مْنْ بَعْدْ، هُوَ يْرْجَعْ لْفَاسْ وْ يْحْبَسْ تْمَّا. مَا بْقَاشْ بْغَا يْسَافْرْ.

السُّلْطَانْ ݣَالْ لِيهْ: عَاوْدْ لِينَا كُلّْشِي، وْ ابْنْ جُزَيّْ يْكْتْبُو. هَكَّاكْ تْكْتْبَاتْ الرّْحْلَة.

The same story, in Darija

Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbī, prólogo de Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Tuḥfat an-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār (s. XIV). Texto de ar.wikisource.org, con cortes marcados […]; vocalización y versión en darija de Learning Darija · dominio público

Did you follow?

What does Ibn Juzayy call Ibn Battuta?
Show answers
“The roamer of the earth”, “who crossed the climes in length and breadth”.
What does “threw down the travelling staff” mean?
Show answers
He stopped travelling and settled.
Where did he settle?
Show answers
At the court in Fes.
What was he ordered to do?
Show answers
Dictate what he had seen and the rare tales he remembered.

4

Check

Two here, three more in the C1 book.

Exercises 1 and 2 are here, with answers. Exercises 3 to 5 are in the C1 book, the PDF this site lives on: you can see the first item of each below.

1Match

Classical to Darija.

1	طَافَ الْأَرْضَ	a	حْبَسْ وْ مَا بْقَاشْ يْسَافْرْ
2	الْأَمْصَارُ	b	دَارْ الدُّنْيَا
3	أَلْقَى عَصَا التَّسْيَارِ	c	دَاكْشِي لِّي شَافْ
4	مَا شَاهَدَهُ	d	الْبْلَادَاتْ
5	نَوَادِرُ الْأَخْبَارِ	e	حْكَايَاتْ غْرِيبَة

2Sort

Classical fuṣḥā or Darija?

أَلْقَىحْبَسْالْأَمْصَارُالْبْلَادَاتْبِهَذِهِبْهَادْثُمَّمْنْ بَعْدْ

Classical fuṣḥā

Darija

3True or false?

According to both texts.

Ibn Battuta didn't write the Rihla by hand: he dictated it.

The rest is in the C1 book

3 more items, with the answers.

The C1 book

4Into Darija

Turn each classical phrase into Darija.

طَافَ الْأَرْضَ

The rest is in the C1 book

3 more items, with the answers.

The C1 book

5Your journey

In eight sentences of Darija, tell your road with Darija: how you started, what you learnt, what you can do now.

بْدِيتْتْعَلّْمْتْبْشْوِيَّة بْشْوِيَّةدَابَامَا بْقَاشْ

The rest is in the C1 book

The C1 book

Show answers

1. Match	1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c, 5-e
2. Sort	Classical fuṣḥā: أَلْقَى · الْأَمْصَارُ · بِهَذِهِ · ثُمَّ / Darija: حْبَسْ · الْبْلَادَاتْ · بْهَادْ · مْنْ بَعْدْ

The C1 book: In preparation

Write and I will tell you the day it is out. One email, no list.

Tell me when it is out

I can now

Read classical prose with help.
Turn a classical phrase into Darija.
Negate with ma bqash.
Tell my own journey in Darija.